The Dissolution Of The Manasteries Essay Research free essay sample

The Dissolution Of The Manasteries Essay, Research Paper Background to the Dissolution The Dissolution of the Monasteries and the events which followed, were all brought approximately as a direct consequence of the interruption with Rome. The ground for the interruption, lies merely in Henry? s defeat at his inability to procure a divorce signifier his married woman Catherine of Aragon, and a approval from the Pope for his new matrimony to Anne Boleyn, although arguably, there was a demand for reformation within the church. Prior to the interruption with Rome, the church was rife with pluralism, barratry ( one of the Catholic Pope? s chief weaknesss ) and breaches of the vows of celibacy. It is hence clear that there were jobs with the English church prior to the interruption, but although it was unpopular, many people including Henry remained Catholic: ? A house Catholic, he was acute to hold apostolic blessing, and the more improbable this became, the more he was forced to oppugn the Pope? s legal power in England? [ 2 ] To carry through a interruption, Henry needed some sort of justification, and he would besides hold to guarantee that in implementing the interruption itself, he was non seen as back uping unorthodoxy and the Protestant reformation in peculiar. We will write a custom essay sample on The Dissolution Of The Manasteries Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the assistance of adviser Thomas Cromwell, Henry aims to ordain the interruption with Rome utilizing codified authorization ; that of the male monarch, Godheads and parks moving through parliament. ? A sequence of genuinely radical Acts of the Apostless of parliament now cut the bonds? religious, legal, fiscal? which linked the English church and province to Rome? [ 3 ] There were several chief landmarks in the interruption with Rome, the first of which was the act in restraint of entreaties. This was a justification and definition of royal domination, and was grafted by Thomas Cromwell. It was the act of domination in 1534 nevertheless, that would turn out to be Henrys greatest measure frontward in the interruption. It confirmed Henry? s headship of the church and explicitly reserved the Crown the rights to the organizing and jurisdictional powers once held by the Papacy. By this, the Crown would command the right O specify the church? s instructions and doctrinal determinations, finally ensuing in the ruin of the monasteries. As a consequence of Henry? s force per unit area on the English clergy in his efforts to convert the Pope to allow a divorce, the disintegration of the monasteries became an of import and necessary undertaking. By taking the Pope? s most loyal protagonists from England, Henry was badly restricting his power. In 1533, in position of Anne Boleyn? s impending gestation, Thomas Cranmer, an archbishop, declared Henry? s matrimony to Catherine shut-in, ( ? the male monarch must halt life in this wickedness with this adult female who is non his married woman? [ 4 ] ) and married him to Anne Boleyn. ? The Act of Supremacy? so, established Henry as caput of the Church of England, and marked the terminal of the Pope? s influence in his kingdom. Threatened by the Pope with exclusion, if he did non take Catherine back, all hopes of rapprochement with Rome were passed. Henry? s reformation was traveling quickly.When H VIII foremost initiated the disintegration of the Monasteries, he was confronting unfavorable judgment from assorted sides. It must be understood that in make up ones minding the cogency of Henry? s claims for the disintegration, there are two sides to the statement. Protestant supp orters of Henry? s actions, argue that after the 1530? s, all the monasteries were corrupt and a topographic point where evildoers lived in a luxury paid for by others. The grounds for cloistered life they claimed, were based on a prevarication created by the Papacy, to beef up its ain place: In order to decrease the clip a individual spends in purgatory when they die, money must be donated to the church in order to salvage their psyche. As a consequence of these false and morally corrupt claims on behalf of the Papacy, Protestants argued that the monasteries deserved to be dissolved, as the money they survived upon was gained under false pretensions. Another factor that supports Henry? s statement for the disintegration, were the consequences found from the? heroism Ben Sira? . Within this, it was discovered that on norm, one one-fourth of a cloistered houses wealth went to the caput of the house, normally an absentee leader, populating their life as a state gentleman, free signifier duty. Disclosures such as this evidently angered the populace, but whether or non Henry was angered in the same manner, or simply saw these factors as farther support for his claims to fade out the monasteries is problematic. It is true that there was a certain component of corruptness nowadays, with immorality, sexual perversion and homosexual patterns all being admitted to by 100s of monastics. But certainly, all these factors point to a demand for reform instead than disintegration. The above grounds entirely does non show a clear image of the existent state of affairs of the monasteries in England, that is certain. It is now known that merely 10 per centum of the cloistered houses in England were capable to corruptness, and that the bulk followed their cloistered ideals and manner of life unfailingly, greatly supported by the populace, and hence laying waste to Henry? s claims that the monasteries were no longer regarded as topographic points of worship, but of wickedness, animal and detestable. Monasteries by and large functioned good, and there is an air of lip service about these claims, if we consider that Thomas Cromwell himself gained wealth at the monasteries # 8217 ; expense wherever possible. Cromwell accepted assorted? gifts? from the smaller cloistered houses, in return for back uping their entreaties against the new statute law? s, an act which he neither intended to transport out nor brood upon. It is clear so that following his promise to the King to do him and the Crown wealthy and moneymaking one time more, Cromwell decided that the closing of the monasteries was where he would accomplish this proposed wealth. By lawfully shuting the monasteries, this? larceny? would do the King affluent beyond his wildest dreams. If we consider so, that Henry? s motivations were about wholly based on his want for wealth, and without which his proposed disintegration would neer hold taken topographic point, the cogency of his claims is slightly decreased. Henry VIII? s grounds for he disintegration of the monasteries hence, were non at all justified in the manner he had claimed. He sought merely wealth, and it is this desire to derive control and achieve the wealths that came with it which motivated Henry. His greed and the falseness of his many claims against the monasteries succeeds in uncovering his existent wants, and nullifies any old statements based on his spiritual concerns for the disintegration.

Strokes essays

Strokes essays Stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death in the United States today, following cardiovascular disease and cancer. It is also the leading cause of disability in this area as well. There are four types of strokes: cerebral embolism, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. A clot in the blood vessel carrying blood to the brain causes stroke. Another name for this is an embolism. It can be caused by a thrombus or another particle. As a result, part of the brain doesnt get enough oxygen. Nerve cells are unable to work, and die. This causes the part of the body controlled by that side of the brain to not function properly. It causes permanent damage because those brain cells cant be replaced. This is the reason why many are paralyzed for life. Stroke can occur without any warning. However, a headache may arise, especially in the case of both kinds of hemorrhages. Symptoms are also based on which part of the brain is affected by the blood clot. In every person, symptoms vary because the brain differs between every person. Other symptoms that may occur before a stroke are numbness, loss of sight in one or both eyes, and dizziness. After a stroke, a variety of outcomes can occur. It all depends on how quickly the person is taken care of and how quickly the clot is removed. Some results can be minor such as only paralysis of only one part of ones body. However, it could be a lot more serious such as paralysis of one whole side of the body, and even death. Therefore, the quicker someone receives emergency help, the lesser permanent damage he will acquire. But, patients will be able to recover partially as other parts of the brain take over the damaged parts. There are many risk factors that can increase the risk of stroke in any person. Some of these factors are hypertension and smoking. Hypertension, however, is a major ...

B1 Corn as GMO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

B1 Corn as GMO - Essay Example This cDNA strand is then isolated and cloned or duplicated for the purpose of transformation into another species and this transformation process is made possible with the help of the bacterium known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Peel, 2001). This particular bacterium infects specific woody dicotyledonous plant species, where certain parts of the Agrobacterium circular DNA known as Ti plasmid can insert themselves into the host plant’s cell (Peel, 2001). The host plant, which is the corn plant in this particular experiment, then expresses the Bt gene (Peel, 2001). If this particular transformation process is not opted for, then the gene gun can be utilized. The other transformation process is the use of gold particles and coating them with target genes, such as Bt genes in our example (Peel, 2001). Using a gene gun, the genes are shot into the single cells of the corn plant without the help of the Agrobacterium in a process known as particle acceleration (Peel, 2001). Now that the Bt genes are already incorporated into the corn plant, a series of tests should confirm the potency of the bacterial gene. Plant tissue culture is the next step. Individual cells of the corn plant are obtained for culture and are subjected to the transformation process, which basically involves the elimination of non-transformed cells using a method that involves the use of selectable marker genes (Peel, 2001). The cultured corn plant cells are then treated with herbicide or antibiotic, and whole corn plants called Bt corn plants are then grown from the seeds of those cultured cells that eventually survive (Peel, 2001). If the Bt corn plant expresses the trait even after several generations using laboratory techniques, then it is believed to be stable and can now be bred using conventional agricultural methods and the final test would be for it to be able to stand environmental conditions (Peel, 2001). The process of transformation of the corn gene into the Bt corn gene involve s a crucial intermediate step where, before the Bt gene is inserted into the corn plant, it is first modified with promoters that would later on be recognized by the corn plant itself (Peel, 2001). This step and particularly these promoters is most crucial to the development of the toxic properties of the Bt corn plant. Because of these promoters, Bt corn â€Å"encodes crystalline proteins from the bacteria that are responsible for larvae toxicity† (Peel, 2001). Upon the Bt corn being eaten, these crystalline proteins, or Cry proteins, will bind to the insect’s midgut and cause a water imbalance that will eventually burst the cells and kill the pest (Peel, 2001). There are currently two types of promoters used in developing the Bt corn plant – the CaMV35S promoter and the PEP carboxylase promoter. The former expresses the toxicity of the Cry proteins in all plant tissues including the photosynthetic parts as well as the ears, roots and tassels, thus killing all insects that subsist on any part of the plant (Peel, 2001). On the other hand, the PEP carboxylase promoter, due to its exclusive affinity to cells that actively manufacture photosynthetic proteins, expresses the toxic properties of the crystalline proteins only in the photosyntheti

The Development of Christology and Its Relevance for Contemporary Essay

The Development of Christology and Its Relevance for Contemporary Christianity - Essay Example It is through this interrogation that Christological doctrine developed. This paper examines the development of Christology up to Chalcedon and its importance to the modern Christianity. Christology is a branch of Christian theology concerned with the study of Jesus Christ (Meier 2001, 51). The discipline examines the nature, identity and personality of Jesus Christ in relation to the Christianity faith. Christianity has been in existence for about 2000 years. According to Stephen (2008, 70), the belief that Jesus Christ is man, God, and the Son of God are the foundations of the faith. The Holy Bible asserts that Jesus Christ is the savior whom all Christians should worship. However, the emergence of different and unconventional Christian doctrines in the recent past about Jesus Christ has presented a significant challenge to the mainstream Christian teachings. The earliest interrogation of the personality and identity of Jesus Christ dates back to AD 90-140 (O’ Collins 1995, 107). During this time, Christian spiritual leaders indentified and emphasized on both the divinity and humanity of Jesus. Some of the earliest teachings by established apostolic fathers at the time such as Clement and Ignatius addressed and considered the dual nature of Christ as both divine and human at the same time (Philip, 1893: 52). According to Philip (1893: 59), Ignatius approved the dual nature of Jesus by referring Him as â€Å"Jesus Christ our Lord†. Similarly, Philip (1893, 83) notes that Clement challenged early Christians to consider â€Å"Christ as both God and the adjudicator of both the dead and the living.† The emphasis of both the deity and humanity of Christ in early church are demonstrated by Melito of Sardis (AD 165-175). According to Berkhof (1969, 19), Melito categorically stated Christ was both man and God. He argued that Jesus’ burial after crucifixion demonstrates He is man while his resurrection three days later showed He is God. Howe ver, other apostolic teachers such as Justin Martyr, though acknowledging Jesus as both man and God believed that Christ was lesser than the highest God (Bauckham 1991, 86). Although early teachings acknowledged both the humanity and divinity of Christ, the interrogation was largely superficial and lacked clarity and adequate conviction from early theological critics. Docetism and adoptionism are some of the earliest theological ideologies that questioned both the humanity and divinity nature of Jesus Christ. Adoptionism rejected the divinity of Christ and some theological critics argued that He was not born by a virgin woman (Dunn 2003, 63). According to Ferguson and Wright (1988, 58), adoptionism acknowledged that Jesus was man, who was adopted by God to fulfill a particular or specific role. Hence, the ideology attested that Jesus became the savior only by his strict adherence of God’s commands and his good deeds toward humanity. In the process, Jesus became aware of his d ivine character that was confirmed when he received the Holy Spirit at his baptism (Davidson 2001) Docetism on the other hand affirmed that Jesus was not human at all but divine (Bray 1983, 44). According to Bray (1983, 49), Docetists argued that Jesus did not have physical body, but he just appeared to have flesh and blood. Some of the proponents of Docetism in the 2nd century included Gnosticism but Ignatius, an early apostolic leader vehemently denied that Jesus Christ was not human as proclaimed by

Digital Philosophy - What is Posthumanism Essay

Digital Philosophy - What is Posthumanism - Essay Example From ancient period, human beings had the desire of acquiring new skills and abilities. The boundaries of our existence (social, mental, or geographical) have been extended. A way to overcome the obstacles and limitations of life and achieve happiness had always been the tendency of the human race. From the time of invention of fire until the use of computer, human beings have learnt the use of science and technology in every aspect of their lives. Thus, the capability of a human being can be regarded as unlimited. From the days of human beings using technologies for betterment of their work process, we are now approaching towards the period when artificial intelligence might exceed human level. The rapid pace in which the technologies are changing in recent period will have huge impact on humanity in the recent future if the innovative trend persists. There have been shifts towards the digital technology in the recent decade. A new philosophical movement gained attention in the rece nt decade. With the development of the new technologies and the transformation of the world by its potentiality, the emergence of thoughts of posthumanists or transhumanists emerged. The scientists have found technologies that perform human works better than they do. There are two options left; one is to let the machines take every decision without the oversight of human beings and the other one is to let the human beings retain their control over them. The result of both might be complex and harmful for the society. If the machines are allowed to take decisions then human being will have to live in their mercy, and if that is not permitted then they will be so dependable on them (machines) in every aspects of their life that turning the machines off will be almost equivalent to suicide. The intellectual and the philosophical background of the digital technologies, digital media, and the digital culture of the contemporary period with their impact on the human civilization is the ma in aim of this paper. (Bostrom, 2005, pp 1-8: Joy, 2000) Post humanism The post humanists’ (or transhumanists) declaration was crafted by an international group of authors in the year 1998. It mainly involves dealing with the limitations of human form by radical use of technologies and other possible means. The human longing to advance is the core of post humanism. The rapid development of new technology and their potentiality in transforming the human world is what inspired the thought of post humanism. The terms ‘post humanism’ and ‘transhumanism’ are often treated as identical. Both the words describe the broad role played by technology in human life. Technology is expected to bring a new evolution of the human society beyond the definition of ‘human’ in traditional terms. However, the two terms are distinguished sometimes with transhumanism representing the movement that influences the new evolution of human beings to reach the phase of post humanism. The core of transhumanists’ hopes consists of a range of technologies, which involve advanced computing powers, and technology of cyborg in the short term. Nevertheless, for the long-term phenomenon they mainly focus on technologies that have cumulative impact of artificial technology, the use of nanotechnology and the technology of genetic engineering. The genetics, nanotechnology, and robotics revolution (GNR) will propel human beings into the realm of a new world. According to Kurzwell, humanity at present can only dream about the experience and the possibilities that are waiting for them in the changed new world of technology. It can be applied to physical strength, happiness, intelligence, and speed and any other aspects of human existence. The most important feature of post humanism is techno transcendence, which indicates the use of technology to overcome the obstacles (Ust,

Treatment for Renal Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC)

Treatment for Renal Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) Dear All, Thank you for the new images Roz – it is interesting to follow this case as it unfolds. After reviewing the new CT images I would agree with Susie that they could indicate an alternative diagnosis of a transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the left kidney and ureter. I would like to investigate a couple of the many treatment options available for TCC and aim to answer the question put forward by Susie – ‘What treatment options are available to the patient?’ Renal transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a malignant tumour that stems from theepithelial cells lining the urinary tract. Upper urinary tract TCCs (UUTUC) – in this patient’s case involving the left kidney and ureter are uncommon. They account for only 5-10% of urothelial carcinomas (Siegel et al, 2012) although evidence indicates an increase in these malignancies (Jemal et al, 2009). The predisposition UUTUCs have for recurrence, metastases and their multi focal nature mandates aggressive clinical intervention (Cai et al, 2011). Treatment is strongly influenced by tumour stage, which correlates closely with prognosis. Surgical intervention is usually the preferred method of treatment for localised disease. Radical nephroureterectomy Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with excision of the bladder cuff is the gold standard treatment for UTUC (Margulis et al, 2009). The aim of surgery is to prevent tumour seeding via bypass of the urinary tract during tumour resection. Since the risk of tumour recurrence is considerable, resection of the distal ureter and its orifice is also performed. Recent research by Lughezzani et al, (2010) concluded that this method – removing the distal ureter and bladder cuff significantly improves survival rates. The traditional open surgical approach to RNUs is being challenged by less invasive approaches, e.g. laparoscopic. Simone et al, (2009), a prospective randomised study of 80 patients with non-metastatic UUUC demonstrated no superior effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery over open RNU, whilst the majority of recent research concludes superior outcomes for a laparoscopic versus open surgical approach (Ariane et al, 2012) and (Ni et al, 2012). Endoscopic Treatment Endoscopic ablation is sometimes indicated in patients with a solitary kidney, in bilateral kidney disease and where major surgery is contraindicated. Although now slightly dated, research by Keeley et al, (1997) is commonly cited in recent literature. Their study looked at the ureteroscopic management of 38 patients (41 kidneys) with upper tract urothelial tumours graded 1 3. After endoscopic treatment, 16 of the 21 (76%) with grade 1 disease were tumour free 4 had recurrences at a mean follow-up of 40.3 months. 9 of the 14 (64%) of grade 2 disease were tumour free 4 had recurrent disease at a mean follow-up of 27.6 months. Finally, 2 of the 5 (40%) grade 3 tumours were tumor free at a mean follow-up of 21 months – no recurrence rates were reported for this group. They concluded that ureteroscopic treatment of the upper urinary tract TCC minimises morbidity and provides excellent success rates in patients with solitary, low-grade tumours. Despite these findings, the tract recurrence risk is hard to calculate because relatively few endoscopic ablation treatments have been performed. Additionally, there is a reported risk of understating and under grading the disease with endoscopic management alone. In order to determine the optimal treatment pathway for a patient with TCC – renal function, tumour grade, stage and location must first be evaluated. I have only examined two of the treatment options available for TCC – would anybody else like to expand upon Susies question by examiningothers? I will not add any further questions as there are a few already outstanding. Kind Regards, Alana Show parent See this post in context RDM032_PRD1_A_2014-15 -> On-Line Case Discussions -> Case 12 -> Re: Case 12 by Alana McInally Wednesday, 19 November 2014, 11:51 PM Dear All, Thank you for posting this interesting case and uploaded images Susie. It appears that Noorayen and I have been working on the same topic over the last few days so although this post is likely to overlap in places, I hope to add insight and an alternative slant. I would like to examine the images and a possible diagnosis. In the right lobe of the liver, there appears to be large 67 x 49 mm, well-defined, heterogeneous mass predominantly hyperechoic in nature. Appearances are in keeping with a solid, rather than cystic, lesion. In the second ultrasound image, the liver lesion looks more isoechoic in echotexture with some internal and peripheral vascularity demonstrated when colour Doppler is applied. The sagittal section of the unenhanced CT abdo-pelvis image also highlights this area of low attenuation in the right lobe. These are unusual findings given the patient’s symptoms acute LIF pain. It would be interesting to know whether the patient has had any other tests carried out, for example any blood work prior to the scans? I agree with Noorayen that ultrasound appearances such as these could represent a Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). An FNH is a benign hyperplastic process which results in the normal constituents of the liver being arranged in an abnormally organised pattern – this is caused bya response to a congenital arteriovenous malformation'(Khan et al, 2013). An FNH is considered the second most common tumour of the liver following hepatic hemangiomas (Kang et al, 2010). In the majority of situations (80-95%), FNH arises as a solitary lesion, however, multiple lesions have been known to present themselves (Khan et al, 2013). Ultrasound characteristics of these lesions can vary, making diagnosis using one modality challenging. Lesions can range from hypoechoic, isoechoic to hyperechoic when compared to that of the surrounding liver tissue (Bates, 2011). Venturi et al, (2007) as well as other recent research – state that typical lesions usually demonstrate a large, well circumscribed mass, with a central feeding artery and a radiating spoke-wheel pattern of blood flow (Bates, 2011). It could be suggested that the second ultrasound image shows central blood flow within the lesion, in keeping with the typical appearances described. Although FNHs are normally asymptomatic, which is not in keeping with the patient’s LIF pain, it may indicate that the LIF pain and the liver lesion (located in the RUQ) are unrelated that the liver lesion is instead an incidental finding; this is consistent with the typical diagnosis of an FNH. Most diagnoses occur when patients undergo cross-sectional imaging or surgery for other problems and / or routine medicals (Palladino et al, 2014). Although the use of contraceptive agents is not proven to cause FNH, they may have a role in the development of these lesions. Additionally, they can also act as an irritant causing haemorrhage or infarctions to occur – resulting in symptomatic patients. Malignant transformation of FNH has not been reported (Chung and DeGirolamo, 2011) and FNHs rarely bleed or grow. As a result, the diagnosis of an FNH rarely impacts the patient’s medical management other than the accurate diagnosis of the lesion to prevent unnecessary biopsies, surgery, and further imaging of the lesion. Despite advances in medical imaging, it is difficult to discern an FNH from other focal hepatic lesions. As a relatively recent imaging modality, the use of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) to identify focal liver lesions is becoming increasingly common (Bartolotta et al, 2009). I will reiterate one of the three outstanding questions does anyone have any further differential diagnoses? Kind regards, Alana Show parent See this post in context RDM032_PRD1_A_2014-15 -> On-Line Case Discussions -> Case 3 -> Re: Case 3 by Alana McInally Tuesday, 18 November 2014, 9:38 PM Dear All, Lucy’s post on the function of the spleen in particular, the implications when it is removed was interesting to read, especially as the spleen’s function and morphology have, in the past, remained unstudied (Lahey and Norcross, 1948). Although they havebecomeless common, as the spleensimportance as an organ isrecognised, splenectomies are still performed and I would like to address Lucy’s question ‘What are the indications for a splenectomy?’. A splenectomy consists of the total or partial surgical removal of the spleen. Literature sources provide a wide spectrum of clinical scenarios for when a splenectomy may be indicated. A general consensus exists for a handful of diagnoses which require a splenectomy. These include: primary cancers of the spleen (very rare), splenic trauma and hematologic diseases. One blood disorder – Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) – often requires treatment via a splenectomy. It involves the loss of specific proteins in the red blood cell membrane, resulting in fragile cells which are further damaged when they pass through the spleen (Encyclopedia of Surgery). This damage ceases once the spleen is removed. Another hematologic disease primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) shows the highest cure rate (60-70%) after a splenectomy versus other treatments (Ghanima et al, 2012). Trauma to the spleen can result from damage or rupture from both blunt and penetrating injuries to the abdomen. Studies suggest 25% of trauma injuries are originally caused by medical intervention to the abdomen (Rull, 2012). Laparoscopic splenectomies are often indicated in splenic trauma to prevent internal hemorrhaging and potentially death (NHS Choices, 2014). There are also numerous other conditions where a splenectomy may be indicated / recommended these include: Splenic artery aneurysms surgical resection is often indicated in the presence of large splenic artery aneurysms (over 2 cm in diameter), because the risk of hemorrhage and rupture can be fatal if not treated (Bates, 2011). Multiple splenic abscesses relatively uncommon but have an associated high mortality rate (Provenzale et al, 2012). Some view percutaneous drainage combined with antibiotic therapy as the best management for solitary abscesses (Bates, 2011) whereas other research proposes a splenectomy is the best treatment for multiple abscesses. Splenomegaly – an enlarged spleen (more than 12 cm) (Bates, 2011) as an isolated indicator for a splenectomy is often unjustified. Best practice is to now investigate the underlying cause. Surgery is only indicated if the enlarged spleen is causing serious complications and/or if the underlying cause cannot be identified (NHS Choices, 2014). As Lucy mentioned, there are benefits and risks of a splenectomy. Most research recognises the associated life-long risk of bacterial infection following a splenectomy (Schilling, 2009), combined with the risks of invasive surgery. The general consensus shifts towards a conservative approach – attempting to preserve the spleen as opposed to invasive treatment (Akinkuolie et al, 2010). In our trust I found it hard to locate hospital guidelines and protocols for when splenectomies were considered appropriate. However, I came across one case where a patient had a partial laparoscopic splenectomy using wedge resection to treat splenic trauma. This allowed him to retain some splenic function and additionally he was fortunate enough to have an accessory spleen (present in 30% of the population) – which has the ability to grow and function when a large portion has been removed (Arra et al, 2013). Consequently his splenic function was comparable to that prior to surgery. This technique supports the recent advance towards a conservative outlook on splenectomies. It would be interesting if anyone else is aware of the guidelines in their local hospital for when a splenectomy is indicated? Kind regards, Alana

Analyzation of Southern Arizona Folk Arts :: Essays Papers

Analyzation of Southern Arizona Folk Arts Tucson, Arizona is a place of warmth and place of desert and most of all a place influenced by the traditions of Mexico and its people. It is especially influenced by the Folk Art traditions. But Folk arts what are they? Folk pertains to a subgroups object that fulfills a purpose of their own or for export for society. Art pertains to the aspect of an object that gives pleasure to the constructor of object or to the viewer in some way or another. Folk art in some way or another serves the purpose of community. Two principle aspects of folk art are Community, and Tradition. A Folk artists purpose is to show This is who I am It is important to view the folk arts more closely and to analyze how the author of the web exhibit portrays them to the audience. Two extremely different and non-related folk arts, yet excellent and important representations of the Hispanic culture are low rider vehicles and food. Easy comprehension ,unique organization, and friendly and humorous tone are used to present the folk arts. The author also uses ethos and pathos to appeal to the reader and portray the Hispanic culture better. These tactics are all used to provide an informal atmosphere. The author, Dr. James S. Griffith, uses an informal style in representing these two folk arts to better portray to the audience the Hispanic culture. The author to be informal, and show the Hispanic culture makes his essay on Mexican food easily comprehensible. Because this essay is done informally readers are able to connect with paper and believe its contents more easily. The author does not try to sound too educated and push people form wanting to read it. . This text is obviously intended for the general audience. Its easy comprehension explains this. For example, the first sentence says that, Mexican food is wonderful, fascinating stuff. One would not put this in a world magazine or time magazine because the language is not as advanced for such the educated readers that read Time magazine. Also the language is not advanced yet it is descriptive. For example, the author explains about the Tortilla and its origin. He says tortillas are flat cakes of masa and corn that has been soaked, cooked with lime or ashes, and then ground. This is very descriptive yet not too overwhelming.